Introduction: What is HIV?

HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, making it more susceptible to infections and diseases. It is the leading cause of AIDS, which affects millions of people worldwide. History of HIV HIV was first discovered in the early 1980s, and since then, global efforts to raise awareness and treat it have reduced infection rates and improved the lives of those affected. How is HIV transmitted? The virus can be transmitted through body fluids such as blood or semen, often through unprotected sexual contact or sharing needles. It is advisable to take appropriate precautions to reduce the risk of transmission.

Main symptoms of HIV

Acute symptoms After infection with HIV, acute flu-like symptoms may appear, such as fever, headache, rash, and muscle aches. These symptoms usually appear two to four weeks after transmission of the virus. Long-term symptoms If HIV is not treated, the disease may last for several years without any noticeable symptoms. However, the person may have a weakened immune system, which makes the body more susceptible to other diseases. Symptoms associated with AIDS may also appear when the disease is very advanced.

How is HIV diagnosed?

Blood tests One of the most important ways to diagnose HIV is through blood tests. These tests look for antibodies to the virus or to the virus itself. Antibodies can usually be detected three to 12 weeks after infection. Doctors take a sample of blood and have it analyzed in a lab. Nucleic acid tests Nucleic acid tests are another way to diagnose HIV. These tests look for the genetic material of the virus and can detect the presence of the virus very early after infection. These tests help determine the patient’s health status and guide appropriate treatment options.

HIV treatments

Antiviral therapy Antiviral therapy is the main treatment option for HIV. This type of treatment relies on the use of a combination of drugs that prevent the virus from replicating and help strengthen the immune system. This treatment helps reduce the level of the virus in the blood, which improves the quality of life of patients and increases their survival time. Complementary and alternative therapies Some patients resort to complementary therapies, such as a balanced diet and psychological therapies, to support their health and relieve symptoms. However, they should consult specialists before following these treatments to ensure that they do not interfere with their primary medical treatment.

The effect of HIV on the body

Effect of the virus on the immune system HIV targets immune cells such as CD4 cells, weakening the immune system and making the body more susceptible to infections and diseases. As the virus progresses without treatment, the immune system may deteriorate significantly, causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Effect of the virus on internal organs HIV can affect many internal organs, including the liver and kidneys, increasing the risk of chronic diseases. In addition, tissue inflammation may occur, affecting organ function and increasing the risk of serious health complications.