Antonio Gramsci's 'On Italian National Unity' offers a profound Marxist analysis of the Risorgimento, Italy's 19th-century unification process. Gramsci critically examines the historical forces, social classes, and intellectual currents that shaped the formation of the modern Italian state. He delves into the complex interplay of popular movements, state power, and the role of intellectuals in forging a national identity. This seminal work is crucial for understanding Gramsci's broader theories of hegemony, subaltern studies, and the Southern Question, providing invaluable insights into Italian history and political thought.