In this foundational work, esteemed scholar Abu al-'Ala 'Afifi conducts a profound comparative study of three pivotal spiritual and ethical currents within Islamic history: the Malamatiyya (the path of blame), traditional Sufism, and Ahl al-Futuwwa (the people of spiritual chivalry). 'Afifi meticulously examines the origins, core doctrines, and unique practices of each group, clarifying their distinct characteristics while also tracing their complex interrelationships and mutual influences. The book offers a critical exploration of Islamic mysticism beyond its conventional definitions, delving into concepts of sincerity, self-reproach, and social ethics, making it an essential text for understanding these nuanced traditions.