"Bada'i al-Zuhur fi Waqa'i al-Duhur" (The Flowers of Times in the Events of Eras) by Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Iyas al-Hanafi is a monumental historical chronicle primarily covering the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. Spanning from the beginning of creation up to the author's lifetime in the early 16th century, this multi-volume work offers an invaluable, first-hand account of Egyptian society, politics, and culture during a pivotal era. Ibn Iyas, a historian and chronicler from Cairo, provides meticulous details on rulers, events, daily life, and significant occurrences, making his work a cornerstone for understanding late Mamluk and early Ottoman Egypt. It is renowned for its vivid narrative and rich historical data.