Dr. Dalal Hamza Al-Taei's 2016 book offers a profound analysis of 'deviation' (al-inziyah) as a core concept in modern European art. The study explores how artists deliberately broke from classical and traditional techniques to create new visual languages. It examines the manifestations of this stylistic and conceptual shift across various movements, from Impressionism to Cubism and beyond, analyzing how deviation became a fundamental tool for expressing modernity, individuality, and a changing worldview. This work is an essential resource for understanding the revolutionary aesthetics that defined the trajectory of twentieth-century painting.