This specialized academic book delves into three core areas of Earth Science. It begins by exploring the powerful tectonic forces and geological processes behind orogeny, the formation of mountain ranges. The text then shifts to examine the delicate balance of thermal energy on the Earth's surface, a crucial factor that governs global climate patterns and sustains life. Finally, it addresses the fascinating topic of cosmogony, tracing the scientific theories regarding the origin and early formation of planet Earth, offering readers a comprehensive look at our planet's dynamic history and systems.