In 'Our Posthuman Future,' renowned political economist Francis Fukuyama explores the profound ethical and societal challenges posed by advancements in biotechnology. He critically examines how genetic engineering, psychotropic drugs, and life-extension technologies could fundamentally alter human nature, potentially leading to a 'posthuman' era. Fukuyama argues that these developments threaten the very concept of human dignity and equality, which underpin liberal democracy. He urges a cautious approach to ensure that humanity retains its core identity and avoids the unintended consequences of unbridled scientific progress, advocating for robust ethical frameworks to guide future innovation.