This book by Gertrude Bell offers an invaluable historical account of the establishment and evolution of modern Iraqi state institutions during the pivotal period of 1914-1920. Bell, a key figure in British policy in the Middle East and a prominent orientalist, provides a unique insider's perspective on the complex political, administrative, and social dynamics that shaped Iraq's foundational years. Her detailed observations shed light on the challenges and successes of state-building efforts following World War I, making this a crucial primary source for understanding Iraq's origins. It covers the transition from Ottoman rule to British mandate and the initial steps towards self-governance.