Paul Debbouche's insightful book, 'From the Newest to the Oldest,' delves into the intricate and ongoing debate surrounding democracy, meticulously tracing its evolution through the profound philosophical contributions of key Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu and Rousseau. This work highlights their contrasting perspectives on governance, liberty, and the ideal state, demonstrating how their foundational ideas continue to shape contemporary political discourse. Debbouche offers a compelling analysis of the historical intellectual battles, providing readers with a deeper understanding of the enduring complexities inherent in democratic theory and practice, making it essential for students of political philosophy and history.