This fourth volume of 'The Simplified Encyclopedia of Human Rights' by Prof. Dr. Abbas Fadel Al-Dulaimi provides a comprehensive yet accessible exploration of civil and political rights. The book delves into the fundamental principles and legal frameworks that safeguard individual freedoms and ensure participation in civic life. It serves as an essential academic reference for students, researchers, and legal professionals, breaking down complex legal and philosophical concepts into understandable sections. This installment continues the series' mission to make critical human rights knowledge widely available and digestible for a broad audience interested in international law.