the introduction

The history of the city of Uruk is one of the oldest Sumerian city in history, with its founding dates back to about 4000 BC. It is near the Euphrates River in modern Iraq, and it was an important civilized center. Uruk was known for its urban and cultural development, as it witnessed the emergence of cuneiform writing and the most famous lighthouse temples. The importance of the city of Uruk played a decisive role in the development of human civilization. It was a center for trade, arts and science. It also contributed to spreading the Sumerian culture in the region, which helped unite societies and develop them. Today, Uruk remains a symbol of the old heritage, and attracts visitors to study its rich history.

The infrastructure of the city of Uruk

Uruk sewage system in Uruk had a major impact on its inhabitants' daily life. It is designed in a way that guarantees water safety and the health of the population, which is considered an advanced engineering achievement at the time. Wells and channels were used to drain the wastewater, which helped keep the city clean and healthy. The most prominent temples and buildings in Uruk were distinguished by a number of wonderful temples and public buildings. Among the most prominent of the Temple of Enana, which was dedicated to the goddess in mythology. In addition, there was a royal palace with important political and religious activities. These landmarks are a witness to the advanced Uruk civilization and its cultural richness.

Sumerian civilization in the city of Uruk

The influence of Sumerian culture on the city had a great influence on the culture and arts in Uruk. Cuneiform and fine arts have contributed to documenting the city's history and civilization. The arts also included drawing and sculpture, which helped highlight the identity of the unique city. Social developments in Uruk have witnessed many important social developments, as political systems and laws that organize daily life have been created. Also, there were various social layers, which contributed to the creation of a complex and multi -dimensional society. The trade was prosperous, which allowed the exchange of cultures and ideas between the population.

Crafts and handicrafts in Uruk

Old craft techniques were distinguished by the development of advanced craftsmanship techniques, as craftsmen used available materials such as clay and minerals to make tools and jewelry. These crafts were a technical product that highlights the skill of workers and reflects the city's culture. The importance of handicrafts in the economy, handicrafts played a pivotal role in the economy of Uruk, as they contributed to providing jobs and prosperity. The prosperity of handicrafts enabled the city to develop trade relations with other civilizations, which gave it economic and cultural importance in the region.

Preserving the effects of the city of Uruk

Heritage preservation efforts are considered one of the oldest cities in history, so great efforts are made to preserve it. International and local organizations seek to protect archaeological sites from environmental and human threats, which helps to preserve the city's legacy for future generations. Visit the archaeological monuments in Uruk is a visit to the archaeological monuments in Uruk a unique experience. Where visitors can explore the remains of the old architecture and learn about the history of the ancient city. The indicative tours also provide valuable information about the crafts and handicrafts in which they flourished, which enhances cultural and historical awareness.