In this seminal work, Karl Löwith undertakes a profound comparative study of two colossal figures in modern thought: Max Weber and Karl Marx. Löwith meticulously dissects their foundational theories on society, history, capitalism, and the human condition. He explores their contrasting methodologies and philosophical underpinnings, revealing the subtle yet significant divergences in their approaches to understanding and transforming the world. This book offers a critical examination of their enduring legacies, demonstrating how their ideas continue to shape contemporary sociological and philosophical debates, making it indispensable for students of social theory.